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©lTTY©[iy^©. 



DESCRIPTION OF THE PAINTING 






Repulse of Longstreet's Assault 



PAINTED BY JAMES WALKER. 



HISTORICAL ARRANGEMENT_AND DESCRIPTION 



By JOHN B. BACHELDER, A. M., 

AUTHOE OF THE " IsOltETEICAI, DbAWING OF THE GEITYSEirE& BaIILE-FiELD." 



^ew Sork: 

PUBLISHED BY JOHN B. BACHELDER, 

59 BEEKMAN STEEET. 
1870. 






Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1970, by 

JOHN B. BACHELDEE, 

la the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern 

District of New York. 



ALTOED, PRINTEE. 



COJSTTEE^TS. 



Description op the PAiNTiNa 

General Armistead . 

Major-General Meade 

General Hancock 

General Gibbon (wounded) 

"Webb's Brigade 

Hall's Brigade 

Harrow's Brigade 

Artillery 

Stannard's Brigade 

Hays' Division — Smyth's, Sherrill's, and Carroll' 



s Brigades 



Robinson's Division — Coulter's and Baxter's Brigades 

General Howard 

STEDfWEHR's DIVISION— Smith's Brigade 

ScHURz's Division 

Eleventh Corps Artillery 

Foreground Formation 

General Birney 

General Ward 

Berdan's Brigade 

General Newton 

DouBLEDAY's DIVISION — Eowley's and Dana's Brigades 

Brigades op De Trobbiand, Madill, Eustis, and Shaler 

Humphrey's Division — Carr's, Brewster's and Burling's Brigades 

Caldwell's Division — McKeene's, Kelley's, Frazer's, and Brooke's 

McGilvery's Brigade of Reserve Artillery 

Wright's Division — Torbert's Brigade .... 

Barnes's Division — Swbitzer's and Rice's Brigades 

Crawford's Division — McCandless's Brigade 

Wheaton's Division — Bartlett's (Upton's), and Nevtns's Brigades 

Ayres' Division — Day's, Burbank's, Garrard's (Weed's) Brigades 

Tilton's Brigade 

Fisher's Brigade 

General Howe 

Grant's Brigade 

Russell's Brigade 

KHiPATRiCK's Division (Cavalry) — Farnsworth's and Merritt's Brigade 

Custer's Brigade .... 

Third Day op the Battle . 

Formation op Confederate Line op Battle 

Position of Confederate Artillery 

The Cannonade 

The Assault and Repulse 

Compiler's Statement 

Isometric AL Drawing 

Letters (Testimonial) 

Origin and History op the PAiNTiNa- 

Engraving 

History of the Battle 

Prices of ditto 

Summary op Gettysburg Publications 



PREFA.CE. c 



The following pages have been abstracted from the De- 
scriptive Key of the Painting of the Battle of Gettysburg, 
for the convenience of such persons as merely wish a descrip- 
tion of the painting itself, with the formation of the troops 
engaged, and a brief account of their movements during the 
" Attack and Eepulse of Longstreet's Assault." 

With a fair amount of study, aided by the Outline Key in 
the front of the work, the proximate position of every regi- 
ment or battery located on the part of the field represented 
can be determined. 

The Desckiptive Key, of which this description of the 
painting forms a part, embraces, in addition, an account of 
the local features of the field, and gives a brief narrative of 
the battle from its commencement. It also has an Appendix, 
containing letters from officers and extracts from Union and 
Confederate reports (never before published), showing the 
authority for every feature of the painting. The whole is 
followed by a very complete and carefully compiled alphabet- 
ical Index of every Corps, Division, Brigade, Regiment, Bat- 
tery, and Officer mentioned in the work ; indicating not only 
the page, but, aided by the Outline Key, the position on the 
painting. 

This will be invaluable to such as possess the engraving ; 
and will be highly appreciated by the student of history. 

It is published in two styles. In plain muslin binding, 
without illustrations, except the Outline Key. Also, a Feste 
Editiois", printed on heavy toned-paper, elaborately bound, 
gilt, beveled boards, gilt edges, and illustrated with fourteen 
beautifully engraved steel portraits of general officers. 



It is the exciting scene of the repulse which the proprietor 
has chosen for illustration, and which Mr. Walker has so accu- 
rately and graphically represented. A word of explanation is 
here due the artist who has executed this painting. It differs 
materially from ordinary scenes of this kind. Usually, the 
painter, having a few leading incidents of a battle, in his mind, 
clothes the picture with the mystery of color and effect, and 
gives an imaginary, rather than a literal rendition of the sub- 
ject. But, in the production of this picture, Mr. Walker has 
endeavored to weave into an harmonious whole, the prominent 
incidents and episodes of this portion of the battle, and has 
never resorted to fiction, when truth would do as well. No 
stretch of the imagination has been indulged in. The material 
for its composition has been furnished him by me and arranged 
under my direction, and should any mistakes have been made, 
they are mine ; not his.*^ The artistic rendering of the subject 
is due to the genius of Mr. Walker ; that the execution is 
highly artistic, in spite of the fact that ej^ect has been sacrificed 
in many instances to accuracy, the ablest art critics have 
acknowledged. 

It was the earnest desire and purpose of the proprietor of 
this painting to avoid the stereotyped style of battle pictures 



a. Allow me to say to tlie reader that I shall esteem it a favor if any participant 
in the battle will point out to me any error in the position of the troops, or in the 
accompanying description of their movements ; that the former may be corrected 
on the ENGRAVING, and the latter in the text before the publication of my history 
of the battle ; as it is my earnest desire to publish a strictly accurate account of 
the engasrement. 



g GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

taught us in our earliest school-books and other illustrated 
works, and kept up during the war by the illustrated papers, 
and not unfrequently indulged in even now by some would-be 
battle-scene painters of the present day. Such pictures and 
paintings, in which giants in stature struggle in fierce hand-to- 
hand conflicts, bayoneting, or dashing each other's brains out, 
may possibly resemble the conflicts of the middle ages ; certain- 
ly they do not illustrate the general features of modern battles. 
Isolated instances of men being bayoneted may have occurred, 
— there is only one which now occurs to me (that of the death 
of Colonel Jeffers, of the Fourth Michigan volunteers, bayo- 
neted while defending his colors against the attack of Wof- 
ford's brigade, on the evening of July 2) on record, in the re- 
ports of the battle of Gettysburg ; but such rare occurrences 
do not form an entire battle, and no artist is warranted in thus 
educating the public into a false idea of modern battles. My 
purpose has been to present a truthful representation of an 
American battle, with American soldiers contending, as they 
did actually contend. 

It was also my desire that the troops of no one State should 
receive any undue prominence ; and, in the painting, all are 
represented with equal fairness. "When General Lee called for 
troops to storm the heights of Gettysburg, the sons of Virginia, 
North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, 
Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, and Texas, responded, and 
moved shoulder to shoulder to the assault. And, when the na- 
tion's life was thus assailed, her defenders from every Northern 
State sprang to the rescue ; and mingled their blood in one com- 
mon cause. Side by side. New York and Massachusetts charged 
on the foe ; the sons of Maine and Minnesota, Connecticut and 
Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware, New Hampshire and 
Vermont, Ohio and Michigan, Rhode Island and Maryland, 
Illinois and Wisconsin, Indiana and West- Virginia, together 



FOREGROUND OF THE PAINTING. 9 

rushed to the threatened point. In a word, the sons of every 
Union-loving State, and of every European liberty-loving na- 
tionality, rallied under the banner, and are equally entitled to 
representation in this great National Painting of the culmina- 
ting struggle at Gettysburg. 

The success of the efibrt I respectfully submit to the vet- 
erans of the Army of the Potomac. 

In the selection of a foreground for this painting, I chose 
the point of station from which to best represent this scene ; 
and, also, to give the he&t portrait of the field in such a clear 
manner, that the brave men who fought on the several days of 
the battle might point out the localities of their various en- 
gagements. The observer is supposed to be elevated in rear of 
Cemetery Ridge, and looking westward toward the Confeder- 
ate position. 

In the immediate foreground of the painting are represented 
the colors of Webb's ^ "■ and Hall's ®° ^ brigades, with the color- 
guard and head-quarters horses. 

The group at the immediate left is formed of the figures 
of Brigadier-General Armistead^^^ and Lieutenant-Colonel 
Martin,^^^ of the Confederate army. Captain Bingham,^^ 
judge-advocate, on Major-General Hancock's staff, and the 
men who have been bearing the wounded general to the rear. 
General Armistead was among the first to leap the stone wall 
at the Union line.®* As he did so, he drew his sword, placed 
his hat upon its point, raised it aloft and cried, " Boys, 
we must use the cold steel ; who will follow me ?" Lieutenant- 
Colonel Martin of the 53d Virginia and a few score of men 



a. 69tli,'f8 7lst,89 72(1,83 and 106th Pennsylvania volunteers. The latter 
regiment, except one company, was ordered to report to Major-General Howaed, 
at the Cemetery, on the night of the 2d, where it remained until the close of the 
battle. 

b. 7th Michigan,69 19th and 20th Massachusetts, 71, 68 42d and 59th ISTew York 
volunteers. 73, 67 

* 



10 GBTTrSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

sprang after him over the wall. They advanced but a few paces 
when they were shot down ; Armistead mortally, and Martin 
seriously wounded. General Armistead surrendered his sword 
and pistols to Captain Banes,^ of General Webb's staff, who 
directed him to be carried to the rear. He was soon after met 
by Captain BmGHAM, of General Hancock's staff, just returning 
from having a wound dressed at the hospital. Seeing the 
prisoner to be an officer of rank, and evidently suffering and 
nearly exhausted, he proffered his assistance. General 
Armistead gave his watch and spurs to Captain Bingham, 
requesting him to send them to his friends through General 
Hancock." (^See Painting.) 

To the right of the central group ^^' ®^ is seen the figure 
of Major-General George G. Meade,^*^ the commander-in-chief 
of the Army of the Potomac, accompanied by his son, and 1st 
Lieut. R. S. McKenzie.* When the assault began he was at 
Major-General Slocum's head-quarters, on Power's Hill, a half 
mile to the rear, near Gulp's Hill, but reached this position on 
the field as it was repulsed.'' Major Mitchell,^^ aid-de-camp 
to Major-General Hancock, met him,^ and reported that officer 



a. I learned the full particulars of this assault from Lieutenant-Oolonel R. W. 
Martin, while he was lying wounded in the hospital at Gettysburg, including the 
movements of General Armistead with whom he advanced engaged in conver- 
sation, from Seminary Ridge. From Captain Banes of General Webb's staflF, I 
gathered the particulars of his surrender. Captain Banes received his sword and 
pistols (which had not been fired), and sent him to the rear of the line, where he 
was met by Captain Henet H. Bingham, judge-advocate, on General Hancock's 
staff. From Captain Bingham, I derived full particulars of his interview with 
General Armistead, After receiving the valuables which General Armistead 
wished to send to his family and a private message, he directed him to be taken 
to a hospital in the rear. I subsequently met D. G. Brinton, surgeon, in charge 
of the 2d division, 11th corps's hospital, who dressed his wounds. Doctor Brin- 
ton said he was very much depressed in spirits, though neither of his wounds were 
mortal ; one being in the leg below the knee, and the other, a flesh-wound in the 
arm. Notwithstanding which he died two days afterward. 

&. General Webb's letter, and also Major-General Meade's letter, 

e. See Major-General Meade's letter, in the Appendix. 

d. Major Mitchell's letter, in the Appendix. 



HANCOCK AND GIBBON. 11 

seriously wounded. He also bore a report of the state of the 
engagement from General Hancock. 

General Hancock was with Caldwell's division/^ at the 
extreme left of his line, when the cannonade began. He rode 
during this terrible firing along his entire front to Woodruff's 
battery ^^^ on his right. He knew with the instinct of a true 
soldier what was to follow the bombardment, and he exhorted 
his officers and men to be in readiness to resist the grand 
assault. Returning toward the left, while passing the right 
of the 14th Vermont volunteers,®*^ of Stannard's brigade, he 
received a serious wound. He is seen*^ in the painting falling 
from his horse near the left of Stannard's works.* He was 
caught in the arms of Lieutenants Hooker and Benedict, of 
General Stannard's staff ;^ and General Stannard®^ himself, 
with admirable dexterity, stanched the blood from the terrible 
wound in the groin, or otherwise he would have soon bled to 
death," as the surgeons were of course in the rear, and one could 
not for some time be found. But General Hancock peremp- 
torily refused to be taken from the field until the contest was 
decided. 

General Gibbon was seriously wounded in the arm about 
the same time that Hancock fell."^ He was in front of the 
19th Maine volunteers,^ of Harrow's brigade, when he was 
shot, attempting to wheel those troops out of the line to 
deliver a flank . fire on Pickett's column. He was taken from 
the field by Captain Wessells of his staff.^^ * 

Webb's brigade is represented immediately in advance of 
General Meade.^" It had been in position at the stone wall ^ 
in its front, its left, the 69 th Pennsylvania volunteers,^^ rest- 

a. Hanoook's report. Spot located on the field by General Hancock. 
I. Stannard's report. 

c. Private letters of Lieutenant Benedict of G-eneral Stannard's staff. 

d. Gibbon's report. 

e. Verbal statement of General Gibbon. 



12 GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

ing opposite the copse of trees M, the line extending to the 
right along the stone wall to the angle,®^ with two companies 
of the 71st Pennsylvania volunteers ^^ at a wall, which is re- 
tired fifty yards from the right of the advanced line. The 72d 
Pennsylvania volunteers ^ lay in a second line to the right and 
rear of the copse M. The guns of Cushing's battery were at 
first, in position ^"^ on the crest between Webb's two lines, where 
Gushing was severely wounded, but refused to leave the field. 
When Pickett advanced, he ran three of his pieces down to the 
wall where they are seen ^^ in the painting, and with double 
shotted guns swept his front with canister, opening great gaps 
in the ranks of the attacking lines. While directing their fire 
he was shot in the mouth and instantly killed. Some of his 
men bore his body to the rear, as seen in the painting.'^® 

Pickett's column after it had been turned aside from its at- 
tack on Stannard's brigade fell on Webb's brigade. 

General Webb, seeing the necessity for re-enforcements, had 
meantime hurried back to the 72d Pennsylvania volunteers,^^ 
in his second line, to bring them into action ; but the Confeder- 
ates had advanced with the impetuosity of the whirlwind. In 
a moment the center of Webb's front line, held by a portion of 
the 71st Pennsylvania volunteers,^^ was swept from its position 
at the wall,^ which was instantly seized by the assailants, 
though the blackened clothes of many of the dead showed that 
a portion at least of the regiment had remained until pushed 
from their position by sheer force of numbers. The importance 
of the admirable disposition of the two right companies ^^ of the 
71st Pennsylvania volunteers was now apparent. From their 
retired position, lying securely protected behind a stone wall 
within point-blank range, they, with the left of Hays' divi- 
sion,®^' ^°^' ^°^ opened a deadly cross-fire, effectually preventing 
an approach upon their works. All attempts of General Webb, 
assisted by the remaining of&cers of the regiment and by his 



"WEBB'S AND HALL'S BRIGADES. 13 

adjutant-general, Captain Banes/^ Lieutenant Haskell®^ of Gen- 
eral Gibbon's staff, and Captain Parker ^^ of General Hancock's 
staff, to bring forward the second line failed. Colonel Baxter, of 
the 72d Pennsylvania, had been badly wounded the previous 
evening, and the regiment had suffered severely in officers and 
men during the cannonade; they opened however a heavy fire 
of musketry from the crest, which contributed very materially to 
the repulse of the attack. Failing to secure the advance of 
the 72d, General Webb hurried again to the 69th Pennsyl- 
vania volunteers,"^® which he found still fighting manfully, and 
holding its own on the left, although numbers of Confederates 
had already gained the copse of trees in their rear. This regi- 
ment lost heavily in officers and men ; Colonel O'Kane and 
Lieutenant-Colonel Schudy were killed and Major Duffy was 
wounded. 

Colonel Hall's brigade is represented massing on General 
Webb's left ; its gallant leader can be seen directing its move- 
ments."'^ It had been formed on a prolongation of Webb's 
lines, with three regiments in the front line, protected by 
a slight work of earth and rails, and two in the second line, 
on the left of Rorty's battery,*^ which occupied the crest. 
Brown's battery^ had been in position between E-orty's and 
Cushing's.^^^ 

As General Hancock rode in front of the 19th Massachu- 
setts, which, with the 42d New York volunteers, formed Hall's 
second line, Colonel Devereux of the former regiment went to 



a. The above account has been abstracted from General Webb's report, and a 
private letter in my possession written by him to his wife two days after the bat- 
tle, the whole arrangement having been made on the canvas, at my request, by 
General Webb, assisted by sevei'al members of his staff; the painting being 
finished by his approval after revisiting the field at Gettysburg. 

&. I have in my possession a diagram drawn by Colonel Hall, showing the 
position of his regiments, and previous to his death he visited Mr. Walkee's 
studio, and with other officers of his command, superintended their arrangement 
on the painting. 

* 



14 GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIYE KEY. 

him and asked permission to mo^e up and engage the troops 
then advancing on Webb. Receiving permission to do so,* 
these two regiments '^^' "^^ hurried to Webb's relief, as seen in the 
painting, passing in rear of the copse of trees M ; and imme- 
diately afterward Colonel Hall ordered the 7th Michigan ^^ and 
20th Massachusetts ^^ to " break from their right to the rear " 
and move rapidly to the same place, which was done with re- 
markable promptness, during which Lieutenant-Colonel Steele, 
commanding the 7th Michigan, was killed. The 59th New York 
volunteers®^ remained at the works in the front line,^ and 
Harrow's brigade, with the 20th New York S. M.,^^ and the 
151st Pennsylvania volunteers ^ followed the course of Hall's 
regiments, and charged up to the trees, the two latter regiments 
passing in front of them. During this movement regimental 
organizations were completely lost; the colors were pushed 
indiscriminately to the front followed by the enthusiastic 
men." The 13th and 16th Vermont volunteers, of Stannard's 
brigade, moved to their right, "changed front forward," and 
opened fire on Pickett's right flank.®^' ^^■ 

Harrow's brigade, composed of the 82d New York,®® 19th 
Maine,®^ 15th Massachusetts,®^ and 1st Minnesota volunteers,®*^ 
occupied a position on the left of Hall's front line, with the 
20th New York S. M.,^^and the 151st Pennsylvania volunteers ^* 
(of the 1st brigade, 3d division, 1st corps. General Rowley) on 
its left ; in the painting all of these troops are seen moving up 
to Webb's support.'^ The position occupied by Brown's battery 

a. General Hancock's report. This movement was fully explamed on the field 
at Gettysburg, in the summer of 1869, by General Webb, Colonels Devekeitx and 
Baxter, Captain Banes, and many other officers of rank engaged in the immediate 
vicinity. 

i. Statement of Colonel Hall. — See Colonel Maoy's letter, also report of 59th 
New York volunteers. 

c. See reports of General Harrow, and also reports of 15th Massachusetts, 1st 
Minnesota volunteers, 20th JvTew York State militia, and 151st Pennsylvania volun- 
teers. 

d. Generals Gibbon's and Harrow's reports. 



FLANK ATTACK ON THE LEFT. 15 

B, 1st Rhode Island,^ has been vacated," but Rorty's battery 

B, 1st New York,''^ is represented at the left and rear of 
Harrow's brigade. Still further to the left is Thomas's battery 

C, 4th U. S./^ and McGilvery's brigade of reserve artillery ^^ 
(1st brigade), composed of Thompson's G and F, Pennsyl- 
vania (independent), Phillips' 5th Massachusetts, Hart's loth 
New York (independent), Sterling's 1st Connecticut, Cooper's 
B, 1st Pennsylvania, Dow's 6th Maine, and Ames' G, New 
York, batteries;* while further yet is the 5th corps artillery, 
under its chief. Captain Martin, of which Rittenhouse's bat- 
tery D, 5th U. S.,^^ is engaged " on Little Round Top B.'^ 

Stannard's brigade is represented immediately over and in 
front of Harrow's brigade, and at right angles to it; the right 
of its line, the 13th Vermont volunteers,®^ has ceased firing to 
allow prisoners to pass to the rear. It had been in position 
fifty yards in advance of Harrow's left, and lay along a slight 
earth-work with one regiinent^'^ to the left of the clump of 
trees, where it remained when the others moved. The right of 
Longstreet's column of attack was aimed toward this brigade, 
and continued to advance until it reached the flat ground in 
its front, when receiving a sweeping flank fire from McGil- 
very's brigade of artillery,^® ^ and possibly discovering the 
formidable front presented by Stannard's brigade, supported 
by the balance of Doubleday's division ^*^ in its rear, it 
veered off to the Union right, and advanced upon Webb's 
brigade.-'' Immediately Stannard's whole brigade rose from 



a. Captain Hazard's report, 

5. General Hunt's and Major McGilvery's reports. 

c. General Hunt's and Captain Martin's reports. 

d. Lieutenant Hazlett, commander of this battery, was killed the evening 
before. 

e. Major McGilvery's report; report of Scale's brigade; General Lane's 
report. 

/. General Newton's report; General Stannard's report; Colonel Gates' 
report (20th New York State militia). 
* 



16 GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

its works and poured a murderous fire upon Pickett's right 
flank." 

Arnold's battery A, 1st Rhode Island,"^ had been in 
position on the crest at the right of Cushing's battery A, 4th 
U. S.,®^ but having been seriously disabled, it is represented "* 
retiring from the field, drawn off by the men.^ 

On the right of this battery lay Hays' command, 3d division, 
2d corps. The 2d brigade, Smyth's, composed of the 14th 
Connecticut,^^ 1st Delaware,^°i 12th New Jersey,^*^' and 108th 
New York volunteers,^^^ was at the stone wall ; and the 10th 
New York volunteers acting as provost guard ; and to its 
right was the 3d brigade, Sherrill's," composed of the 
125th,^«2-'^ lllth,^"^'* 126th,i'^^ and 39th New York volun- 
teers,^°^ with its left overlapping Smyth, and its right extending 
beyond'^ Bryan's house W. General Hays,^°° stripped to the 
shirt, is seen bringing up and fighting his troops.* Colonel 
Smyth ^^ was wounded by an exploding shell, as shown near 
Bryan's house. Beyond the house in the grove. Colonel Sher- 
RILL^"^ is being borne, mortally wounded, from the field/ 

Immediately in front of Hays' division, and at right angles 
to it, is the 8th Ohio volunteers ^^ of Carroll's brigade.^ It 

a. " The 12tli and 15th Vermont volunteers of this brigade were detached at 
Eramettshurg by order of Major-General Reynolds to guard the corps train." 
Lieutenant Benedict, aid-de-camp to General Stannaed. 

5. General Hunt's and Captain Hazard's reports. 

c. When the battle commenced this brigade was commanded by Colonel 
Willaed, 125th New York volunteers, who was killed on the evening of the 2d. 
After the death of Colonel Sheeeill it was commanded by Colonel MaoDougall, 
111th New York volunteers, who was wounded, and the command fell on Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Bull, 126th New York volunteers. 

d. See reports of General Hats, also reports of 111th and 126th New York 
volunteers. 

e. Statements of Captain Wm. C. Saville of Colonel Smyth's staff. 

/. General Hays' report and verbal statements of subordinate officers. 

g. 1st brigade, 3d division, 2d corps, composed of the 4:th and 8th Ohio, 7th 
Virginia (Union), and 14th Indiana volunteers. Colonel Careoll was ordered to 
report to Major-General Howard on the evening of the 2d with three regiments, 
where he remained until the close of the battle. 



FLANK ATTACK ON THE RIGHT. Jijr 

had been on the skirmish line with its reserves on the Em- 
mettsburg road. When Pettigrew advanced on its left, Colonel 
Sawyer, instead of falling back, " changed front forward on 
left company," and opened fire.* 

Woodruff's battery, I, IstU. S.,"° was engaged in the grove 
at the right of Bryan's house W. Its commander, after having 
won the encomiums of his superiors for the gallantry and 
efficiency with which he served his guns, was, at the moment 
of victory,^ stricken down^" in death. 

On the right. General Robinson"* is seen moving his com- 
mand, 2d division, 2d corps, up to the support of General Hays," 
Colonel Coulter's brigade "^ "^ having the advance, followed by 
General Baxter's brigade."^* General Howard"^ ordered this 
movement to be covered by Smith's brigade,"^-^ which opened 
a brisk fire of musketry. 

At the same time the skirmish line of General Schurz's ^^"■'^ 
division (3d), 11th corps, nobly engaged the sharp-shooters of 
RoDEs' division in the edge of the town.*^ 

The artillery on Cemetery Hill Z, under Major Osborne,^^^ 
chief of artillery of the 11th corps, is seen on the right of the 
picture, pouring volleys of canister into the fla.nk of the assault- 
ing column."^ 

a. Reports of Colonel Sawyer, 8tli Ohio volunteers, and General Lane, North 
Carolina brigade. See Appendix. 

T). Captain Hazaed's report. See Appendix. ^ 

c. See General Newton's report. 

d. 1st brigade, Coitlter's, was composed of the 107th Pennsylvania, 94th and 
104th New York, 16th Maine, and 13th Massachusetts volunteers. 

e. 2d brigade, Baxter's, was composed of the 97th and 83d New York, 12th 
Massachusetts, and 88th and 90th Pennsylvania volunteers. Positions and explana- 
tions given by Generals Eobinson and Coulter, on the field at Gettysburg. 

f. 2d brigade, 2d division, 11th corps,ii5 composed of the 55th and 73d Ohio, 
136th New York, and 3-3d Massachusetts volunteers, of Steinwehr's ^20 (2d) divi- 
sion, 11th corps. The 33d Massachusetts volunteers were detached from the bri- 
gade, and were in position on the right of the corps. 

g. Pveports of General Schtjrz and General Rodes. 

A. Reports of Generals Howard and Steinwehr, and Major Osborne. 



Ig GETTTSBUEG— DESOMPTIYE KEY. 

Prominent in the right foreground is Wheeler's battery ,^"^ 
13th New York (independent), which is going to the front, two 
guns having already opened.* 

A large number of prisoners are seen^'^* coming in imme- 
diately on Wheeler's right,^ beyond which two guns of Wier's 
battery,^^^ C, 5th U. S., under Sergeant Trevor, are going 
into position." 

Colonel MoRGAN,^^^ chief of General Hancock's staff, has 
brought up Martin's"® (F, 5th U. S.) and Butler's^'* (G, 2d 
U. S.) regular batteries from the 6th corps artillery.'' 

Colonel ToMPKiNS,^^^ chief of the 6th corps artillery, 
with the remaining batteries led by McCartney's Massa- 
chusetts/^ is on the Taneytown road Y (at the right of 
the painting), directing the relief of batteries on Cemetery 
Hill.* 

Captain Hazard,^" chief of the 2d corps artillery, the 
mounted officer in the center of the left foreground, is direct- 
ing Captain Cowan^^^ where to place the battery ^^ which he 
has brought up to his assistance. 

The spirited figure going to the front beyond Lieutenant 
Cushing,'^^ is Captain Farrell/^ Company C, 1st Minnesota 
volunteers. He commanded the division provost-guard which 
had been deployed in rear of the line. When the front line 
was penetrated he assembled his men (those wearing hats'^^^^ 
in rear of Webb's and Hall's brigades), and led them into the 
breach. He was killed, and a large proportion of his men 
were killed or wounded/ 

To the left of General Webb®^ is seen General Hunt,'^^ 
commanding the artillery of the Army of the Potomac. His 

a. See General Webb's report. 5. See General Meade's letter. 

c. See General Hunt's report. Statement of General Webb and Captain Hazaed. 

(L. See Colonel Moegan's letter. Statement of Lieutenant Botlee. 

e. Statement of Colonel Tompkins. See Colonel Moegan's letter. 

/. Colonel Colville's letter. 



LEFT FOREGROUND. 19 

horse was killed at that point j and, after extricating himself, 
he went into the engagement with his revolvers." 

In the left foreground of the painting, Cowan's battery j^** 
13th New York (independent), is represented going into posi- 
tion, to the left of which is Brown's battery, B, 1st Rhode 
Island,^^^ coming out, having exhausted its ammunition. 

Immediately over this is the figure of General Gibbon,''^ 
passing wounded to the rear, one of his staff-officers is seen 
conveying the division colors ^ to General Harrow.^ " 

At the extreme left, Fitzhugh's battery, K, 1st New York, 
is going to the frontj'^and over and beyond this, Major-General 
BiRNEY,^ commanding 3d corps, and Brigadier-General Ward,* 
commanding his 1st division, are represented. In their rear 
are three regiments '^ (the 3d Maine, 20th Indiana, and 99th 
Pennsylvania) of Ward's brigade, sent to the support of 
General Webb." Colonel BerdanJ their brigade commander, is 
moving up in their front.-^ The infantry represented on this 
part of the field, was held in reserve, and was not actively 
engaged in the repulse of the assaulting columns, though it 
suffered severely from the cannonade. 

Major-General Neayton,^** commanding 1st corps, and Ma- 
jor-General DouBLEDAT,^° Commanding his 3d division, with 
their staff-officers, are immediately beyond General Birney.^ 



a. I visited the field with General Hunt, and at my request, he pointed out 
the spot where his horse was shot. See Captain Cowan's letter. 
l. General Hunt's and Captain Hazard's reports. 

c. Statement of General Gibbon. 

d. Fitzhugh's report. 

e. Major-General Bieney's letter : — 

"Three of my regiments— 3d Maine, 99th Pennsylvania, and 20th Indiana volunteers— were sent to 
support General Webb. General J. II. Hobaet Wakd commanded my 1st division, and Colonels H. J. 
Madill, H. Berdan, and IIegis de Tkobeiand, commanded his three brigades. 
Signed D. B. Birxey, 

Major-General commanding 8d corps." 

/. 2d brigade, 1st division, 3d corps — 3d and 4th Maine, 20th Indiana, 86th and 
124th New York, and 99th Pennsylvania volunteers, and the 1st and 2d regiments 
U. S. sharp-shooters. 



20 GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

The brigade commanders of this division are in the vicinity.* 
Brigadier-General Rowley/^ of the 1st brigade,^ is repre- 
sented to their right; and over him, Colonel Dana,^ com- 
mand the 2d brigade;" while to the right and front of 
Rowley is General Harrow and staff,^ 1st brigade, 2d divi- 
sion, 2d corps, to whom the colors of the 2d division are being 
borne.^ 

On the next ridge beyond and to the left of Colonel Dana,' 
are Colonels De I^robriand and Madill,^^ commanding the 
Sd'^ and 1st* brigades, 1st division, 3d corps. Moving up 
in the rear of these troops is Parsons' battery. A, ^^'^ 1st New 
Jersey, which, with K, 1st New York,^ were brought up by 
Captain Fitzhugh/ 

Further to the left, and near the extreme left of the paint- 
ing, Brigadier-General Eustis^^ has just moved up with his 
command ; 2d brigade,^ 3d division, 6th corps. 

Beyond, and to the left of Eustis, is General Shaler^* 
with the 1st brigade,^ 3d division, 6th corps.* 

To the right of Shaler,^^ and on the same parallel, is 
Brigadier-General Carr/^"'' and his staff, commanding 1st bri- 
gade,-^' 2d division, 3d corps. 

Immediately beyond Carr is his superior officer, Major- 
General Humphreys,^'' commanding 2d division, 3d corps. Of 
General Humphreys' other brigade commanders. Colonel Brew- 

a. For a detailed account of the formation of this part of the line, see General 
Kewton's report. The 1st division, 1st corps, General Wadswoeth, was on Gulp's 
Hill, and is not seen on this painting. 

5. 121st, 142d, and 151st Pennsylvania volunteers, and the 20th New York S. M.57 

c. 143d, 1 4:9th, and 150th Pennsylvania volunteers. 

d. 3d and 5th Michigan, 17th Maine, iOth New York, and 110th Pennsylvania.13 

e. 57th, 63d, 68th, 105tli, and 141st Pennsylvania volunteers.13 
y. Paksons' and Fitzhugh's reports. 

g. 2d Ehode Island, 7th, 10th, and 37th Massachusetts volunteers. 12 
h. 65th, 67th, and 122d New York, 23d and 82d Pennsylvania volunteers.^* 
i. See General Sedgwick's report. 

j. 1st, 11th, and 16th Massachusetts, 11th New Jersey, 12th New Hampshire, 
and 26th Pennsylvania volunteers.i^-^ 



POSITION OP TROOPS ON THE LEFT. 21 

STER,^^ commanding 2d brigade,'" is seen immediately to the 
right, while Colonel Burling,^® commanding 3d brigade,'' is to 
the left and on the next ridge.*' 

Directly to the right of Burling," and in front of the grove, 
is represented Brigadier-General Caldwell,^'^ commanding 1st 
division, 2d corps, with his four brigade commanders : Colonels 
Frazer,22 3d brigade;^ McKeene,^' 1st brigade;^ Kelly,^^-'^ 2d 
brigade/ and Brooke,^® 4th brigade.'' Major McGilvery, 
commanding 1st brigade artillery reserve, is with the artil- 
lery'^* at Caldwell's right, and in the open field beyond are 
shown, from left to right, Brigadier-General Torbert,^ 1st 
brigade,'^ 1st division, 6th corps, and Brigadier-General 
Wright,^^ 1st division, 6th corps, with their staff officers. 
Immediately to the right of these groups, and in front of the 
grove, is Brigadier-General Barnes,^^ commanding 1st division. 



a. 1st, 2d, ad, 4th, and 5th Excelsior, aad 120th New York voluiiteers.2i 
I. 2d New Hampshire, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th New Jersey, aud 115th Pennsyl-' 
vania volunteers.i^ 

c. Extract from General Humphreys' report : — 

" My division was moved rapidly to the right and formed in mass (20) in rear and support of the left of 
the 2d corps (Caldwell's division), (28) * * * Several batteries being in jjosition in my front." (26) 

Extract from private letter : — 
" I have placed the position of each of my brigades in pencil on the map — that is the position they occu- 
pied on the afternoon of July 3. My first brigade was commanded by Brigadier-General J. B. Carp. (19-b) 
My second by Colonel "Willlam K. Bkewsteb (21), and my third by Colonel George C. Burling (19). 
"A, A. Humphreys, Major-General United States Volunteers, 

" Commanding second division, third corps." 

d. 52d, 57th, and 66th New York, and 140th Pennsylvania volunteers.22 

e. 5th New Hampshire, 61st New York, 81st and 148th Pennsylvania volun- 
teers.2T 

/. 28th Massachusetts, 63d, 69th, and 88th New York (consolidated), and the 
116tli Pennsylvania volunteers.26-a 

g. 2d Delaware, 27th Connecticut, 64th New York, 53d and 145th Pennsylvania 
volunteers.2S 

The positions of Caldwell's four brigades were given me by each of 
its brigade commanders, corroborated by General Caldwell while visiting the 
Army of the Potomac. The three last lay at the works between the guns of 
McGilveey's artillery; 29 the other (Colonel Frazee's) 22 lay behind an old stone 
■wall in the second line. The whole arrangement was subsequently point-ed out 
and explained to me on the field by Colonel Brook:e.2S 

Ti. 1st, 2d, 3d, and 15th New Jersey volunteers.24 



22 GETTYSBURG.— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

5th corps; Colonel Sweitzer,^^ commanding his 2d brigade,'' 
and Colonel Rice,®^ commanding his 3d brigade/ A half mile 
to the right of these, near the wheat-field G, lay McCandless's 
brigade,^^ ^ of Crawford's division, of Pennsylvania Re- 
serves, 3d division, 5th corps ; while midway between, and in 
front of Little Round Top B, was Brigadier-General Wheaton's ^•'' 
head-quarters, 3d division, 6th corps, with Brigadier-General 
Bartlett's^^*' and Colonel Nevins'^*^^ brigades of his divi- 
sion. The formation of the ground did not admit of repre- 
senting on the painting the head-quarters and troops of these 
commands, or those to the left of this part of the line; but 
their locality is indicated on the Key. The line from this point 
was continuous to the summit of Round Top D, passing over 
Little Round Top B. From there it was refused to the left 
nearly a mile, crossing the Taneytown road A, and may be 
indicated on the painting by the line of forest to the left of 
Round Top. The head-quarters of Major-General Sykes,^^ com- 
manding 5th corps, and Major-General Sedgwick,^^ command- 
ing the 6th corps, were together ^^ in rear of the posterior slope 
of Little Round Top B, and beyond the grove, which separated 
them from General Torbert's head-quarters .^^-^ Brigadier- 
General Ayres,^^ commanding 2d division, 5th corps, held 
Little Round Top B. Colonel Garrard,^^ commanding his 3d 

a. 4th Michigan, 62(1 Pennsylvania, 9th and 32(1 Massachusetts voUmteers.Sl 
The 9th Massachusetts was detached from the brigade and laj on Eound Top D- 

J. 16th Michigan, 44th New York, 83d Pennsylvania, and 20th Maine volun- 
teers.31 Colonel Yinoent had been killed the evening previous. 

c. 1st, 2d, and 6th regiments of Pennsylvania Eeserves, and the 1st Eifles. 
(The 11th Eegircent of "Eeserves" was temporarily attached to this brigade.) 
Position pointed out on the field by General McCandless, and all of his regi- 
mental commanders. See General Crawford's report. 

d. 2d brigade, composed of the 5th Maine, 121st TlTew York, 95th and 96th 
Pennsylvania volunteers.33 

e. 3d brigade, 62d New York, 93d, 98th, 102d, and 139th Pennsylvania volun- 
teers.40 

/. Pointed out on the field by Major-General Stkes, and his adjutant-general. 
Brevet Brigadier-General Locke, 
* 



POSITION OF TROOPS OX THE LEFT. 23 

brigade'* (Weed's) had the front line, while the two brigades of 
regulars, the Ist,^ commanded by Colonel Day,^^"'' and the 2d,'' 
by Colonel Burbank,^^"^ lay in the second line.'^ In the valley 
beyond were two regiments* of Colonel Tilton's brigade (1st 
brigade, 1st division, 5th corps), followed by two regiments-'' of 
Colonel Fisher's brigade of Pennsylvania Reserves, 3d brigade, 
3d division, 5th corps. Beyond these was the Ninth Massa- 
chusetts volunteers.'' This regiment had been deployed as 
skirmishers on the extreme right of the army, on the morning 
of the second, but their brigade changed its position and they 
became separated from it. Next, connecting on its left, and 
extending up Round Top proper, were the two remaining 
regiments '* of Tilton's brigade .^^ And on their left, terminat- 
ing on the summit of the mountain, were the two remaining 
regiments of Colonel Fisher's brigade of "Reserves."^^* Two 
6th corps brigades under General Wright ^^ formed the crotchet 
retiring from Round Top to the left and rear across the Taney- 
town road A. Colonel Grant commanded the right, 2d bri- 
gade,^*'*' 2d division, 6th corps, and General Russell,^^ the 
left, 3d brigade,* 1st division, 6th corps/ These troops were 
at no time actively engaged. This was the extreme left of the 
infantry force of the army. Barnes' battery, C,^^ 1st New York, 

a. 91st and 155th Pennsylvania, 140th and 146th New York volunteers.36 
General Weed was killed the day before. Colonel GtAEEaed's report. 
i. 3d, 4th, 6th, 12th, and 14th infantry .32 -a 

c. 2d, 7th, 10th, 11th, and I7th infantry .32-b 

d. Explained on the field by General Atees. 

e. 18th and 22d Massachusetts volunteers. Positions pointed out on the field 
by Colonel Tilton. 

f. 9th and 10th Pennsylvania "Eeserves." See General Oeawfoed's report. 

g. 2d brigade (Sweitzee's), 1st division, 5th corps. 
h. 118th Pennsylvania and 1st Michigan volunteers.89 

i. 5th and 12th Pennsylvania " Reserves." 38 Ceawfoed's report, 
j. 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, and 6th Vermont volunteers.30 
h 5th "Wisconsin, 6th Maine, 49th and 119th Pennsylvania volunteers.15 
I. General Sedgwick's report. Verbal explanation by Colonel Geaxt and 
General Eussell. 



24 GETTTSBURG— DESCEIPTIYB KEY. 

and Martin's battery, C, " Massachusetts, were ordered on the 
3d by Captain Martin, chief of the 5th corps artillery, to 
report to General Wright," and were placed in position in 
the rear of Round Top. General Kilpatrick,*^ with Farns- 
worth's^®^ and Merritt's^^" brigades of cavalry, accompanied 
by Elder's*^ and Graham's ^^ batteries of horse-artillery (E, 4th 
United States, and K, 1st United States), were beyond and to 
the front of Round Top. General Custer's brigade was 
engaged with General Gregg's division of cavalry on the right 
wing of the army. 

a There were two brigades at this point. Oue (Geant's) from Howe's ^8 divi- 
sion, and one (Russell's) from Wright's division. General Howe remained with 
the troops all the time, though General Weight was the ranking officer, and in 
command. 

5. 1st Vermont, 1st West Virginia (Union), 5th New York, and 18th Pennsyl- 
vania, and one squadron 1st Ohio volunteer cavalry.^s General Faenswoeth made 
a very gallant charge with 1st Vermont and 1st West Virginia cavalry, during 
which he was killed. 

c. 1st, 2d, and 6th .U. S. regulars and 6th Pennsylvania cavalry.55 General 
Kilpateiok's report. I also spent several days with this command at Stevens- 
burg, Va., in the winter of 1863-4, deriving from its officers the fullest details, 
which fully corroborated statements of Confederate officers given me in the hospital 
at Gettysburg. 



ff|f C|irit iita of tilt Sattk. 

The first hours of dawn on July 3d were devoted to driving 
EwELL from the works seized by him on Gulp's Hill, which was 
accomplished after a heavy cannonade by the artillery, followed 
by severe fighting on the part of the 12th corps, re-enforced by 
General Shaler's brigade of the 6th corps, which lasted several 
hours. Ruger's division, consisting of McDougall's and Col- 
grove's brigades, which with Lockwood's independent brigade, 
and Candy's and Kane's brigades, of Geary's division, had re- 
turned during the night ; the latter brigade in time to partici- 
pate at the close of the engagement. 

From this time until one o'clock in the afternoon there was 
no general fighting. General Lee was preparing for the grand 
assault on which he based his hopes of carrying the Union 
position, and severing the Union army, sweep it from the field. 
The Confederates lay mainly along Seminary Ridge, Hood's 
division holding the right wing® being advanced to the woods 
in front of Round Top D. Law's ^^° and Anderson's ^^^ brigades 
had moved on the 3d to the extreme right to watch Kilpat- 
riok's cavalry,*'^ with which they were engaged late iu' the 
afternoon, beyond and in front of Round Top D.^ Hood's line 
consisted of Law'Sj^^^" Robertson's,^^^*^ Anderson's,^^^* and Ben- 
ning's ^^^-^ brigades. General Hood was wounded on the after- 

a. Longsteeet's report. 

&. Verbal statement of General Hood. — Verbal statement of the officers of the 
15tli Alabama regiment. 

c. Law's brigade,i80 4th, 15th, 44th, 47th, and 48th Alabama. 

d. Eobeetson's brigade,i26 1st, 4th, and 51st Texas, and 3d Arkansas. 

e. Anderson's brigade,i2T Tth, 8th, 9th, 11th, and 59th Georgia. 
/. Benning's brigade,i2S 2d, 15th, 17th, and 20th Georgia. 



26 GETTTSBURa— DESCRIPTIYE KEY. 

noon of the 2d, and his division was commanded on the 3d 
by General Robertson. McLaws' division on his left, extended 
northward across the country road leading from the Emmetts- 
burg road at the peach orchard H, westerly toward Fairfield." 
His line consisted of Kershaw's,^^^^ Barksdale'Sj^^^^WoffordV^^'^ 
and Semmes'^^^^ brigades. On McLaws' left was Anderson's 
division, consisting of WilcoxV^"^ Perry's/^^'' Wright's,^^^^ 
Posey's,^*^* and Mahone's^^^-^ brigades; the two former in an 
advanced position, under orders to cover the right of the 
assaulting column; the others remained behind the crest of 
Seminary Ridge. 

Greneral Pickett's division of Longstreet's corps arrived in 
the field on the morning of July 3d,* and, not having been 
previously engaged, was selected to form the right wing of the 
assaulting column/ the left being composed of troops from 
Hill's corps. Pickett's division consisted of three brigades of 
Virginia troops, under Generals Kemper,^*^ '^ Garnett/^° " and 
Armistead.^^^" The two first named formed the front line; 
Armistead held the second.^ Heth's division of Hill's corps, 
commanded by General Pettigrew,^ formed the left wing. 
Archer's ^"^^^ brigade, of Tennessee and Alabama troops, com- 

a. Statement of General Woffoed. 

t. Keeshaw's brigade, 129 2cl, 3d, 7tli, 8th, and 15th South Carolina. 

c. Baeksdale's brigade,i3S I3th, 17th, 18th, and 21st Mississippi. 

d. Woffoed's brigade,i32 I6th, 18th, and 24th regiments, Cobb's legion, and 
Phillips' legion, Georgia. 

e. Semmes' brigade,i3i 10th, 50th, 51st, and 53d Georgia. 

/. WiLoox' brigade,i35 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, and 14th Alabama. 

g. Peeet's brigade,i3'f 2d, 5th, and 8tli Florida. 

Jh. Weight's brigade, 151 2d, 8d, 22d, 48th, and 2d battalion, Georgia. 

*. Posey's brigade,i43 12th, 16th, 19th, and 48th Mississippi. 

j. Mahone's brigade,i45 6th, 12th, 16th, 41st, and 61st Virginia. 

Ti. Statement of Colonel Haeeison, General Pickett's adjutant-general. 

I. LoiirGSTEEET's report. 

m. Kempee's brigade, 143 1st, 3d, 7th, 11th, and 24th Virginia. 

n. Gaenett's brigade, 8th, 18th, 19th, 28th, and 5Gth Virginia. 

0. Aemistead's brigade, 9th, 14th, 38th, 53d, and 57th Virginia. 

jo. Aeohee's brigade,i60 1st, 7th, and 14th Tennessee, 5th and 13tL Alabama. 



FORMATION FOR THE ASSAULT. 27 

manded by Colonel Frye, held its right, and joined on Gar- 
nett's left. Brockenborough's Virginia brigade,^"'* held the 
left of Pettigrew's command, while his own brigade of North 
Carolinians,^''^ ^ commanded on this occasion by Colonel Mar- 
shall, was on the right-center, and Bavis's Mississippi brigade,^*'^*' 
on the left-center. These troops formed the first line of the 
left wing of the assaulting column. The second line, com- 
manded by Major-General Trimble, formed in rear of Petti- 
grew's right.'^ Scales' North Carolina brigade,^^*'^ commanded 
by Colonel Lourance, held its right,-^ and Lane's North Caro- 
lina brigade,^^^ ^ the left. 

Thomas's North and McGowan's South Carolina brigades, 
of Pender's division. Hill's corps, had been adA^anced the 
night before to a narrow road leading from the town to Bliss' 
buildings N,^ and being covered by the intermediate ridge, 
and in a favorable position to protect the left wing of the 
assaulting column, remained there, with Thomas's brigade ^^^* 
on the right, and McGowan's brigade,"^ -^ commanded by 
Colonel Perrin, on the left. On the latter's left, nearer 
town, was Ramseur's brigade ^^^* of North Carolina troops, 
and, in succession, the other brigades of Rodes' division. 

a. Brockenboeoxjgh's brigade,i'^2 40th, iYih, and 55th, and 22d battalion, 
Virginia. 

T). Pettigeew's brigade,i53 11th, 26th, 47th, and 52d North Carolina. 

c. Datis's brigade, 2d, 11th, and 42d Mississippi, and 55th North Carolina. (A 
large number of the 2d and 42d were taken prisoners at the railroad cut S, on 
the first day.) 

d,. Loxgsteeet's report. 

e. Scales' (Loueance's) brigade,i56 13th, 16th, 22d, 34th, and 38th K Carolina. 

f. Report of Scale's brigade. 

g. Lane's report. Lane's brigade,l6T 7th, 18th, 28th, 33d, and 37th North 
Carolina. 

A. Burned by order of General Hats just previous to the cannonade. Hats' 
report. 

i. Thomas's brigade,i6S I4th, 35th, 45th, and 49th Georgia. 

j. McGowan's brigade,!^^ 1st, 12th, 13th, 14th, and Oek's Rifles, South 
Carolina. 

li. Ramseue's brigade, 2d, 4th, 14th, and 30th North Carolina. 



28 GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

The massing of the artillery to cover the grand assault was 
on a no less formidable scale. Guns were placed on every 
available position ; which are indicated in the painting by puffs 
of smoke seen along Seminary Ridge to Oak Hill U, and in the 
key by the usual figures.'* Henry's battalion of artillery ^^** 
held the Confederate right, represented in the painting over 
and beyond the peach orchard H. On his left was Alexander's 
battalion/^^ '^ at and in rear of the peach orchard. On the 
left of Alexander was Eshleman's battalion ^^^"^ (the Wash- 
ington artillery of New Orleans). Next came Bearing's 
battalion.^^^* The two last named were within close range of 
the Union lines, and their fire proved very destructive. They 
are represented in the painting on the intermediate ridge 
between Cordora's house K, and the apple orchard J. On the 
left of Bearing's was Cabell's battalion/^^ which on the 
painting i's seen beyond and in range of the copse of trees M. 
Poague's battalion ^^^^ was placed next in the line, and in suc- 
cession Garnett's,^^^ '^ Pegram's,^^'^ * Lane's,^^^"'"'^ and McIn- 

a. The batteries in the subjoined reference have been arranged from the reports 
of the several battalion commanders, and if any have been omitted, it may arise 
from the fact that they were not written for publication. 

t. Hen"ry's battalion 134 ^as composed of Reillt's and Latham's batteries 
(and probably others, though not mentioned in Major Henry's report). 

c. Alexander's battalion, 186 composed of Moody's, Taylor's, Ehett's, 
Parker's, Jordan's, and Woolfolk's batteries. 

d. Eshleman's battalion 189 -vpas composed of Miller's, Noroom's, and Riohaed- 
bon's batteries. 

e. Bearing's battalion i^o was composed of Stribling's, Miller's, Macon's, 
Oaskie's, and Blout's batteries. 

/. Cabell's battalion 144 was composed of Frazer's, Manly's, McCarthy's, 
and Carlton's batteries. 

g. Poagtte's battalion 149 comprised Vozatt's, Graham's, Ward's, and Brooks' 
batteries. 

A. Garnett's battalion.152 Matjrin's and Lewis's batteries are the only ones 
mentioned by name in Lieutenant-Colonel Garnett's report, though he speaks of 
nine rifled guns being in position under Major Richardson. 

*. Pegram's battalion, 157 comprising Manye's, Brander's, Zimmerman's, and 
.MoGraw's batteries. 

j. Lane's battalion i5S-a was composed of Ross's, Wingfield's, and Patterson's 
batteries. 



AERANGEMENT OF ARTILLERY. 29 

tosh's ^^^ " battalions, and Happ's/*'^ Smith's/*'^ Watson's,^'^ and 
Cunningham's^®^ batteries of Dana's^ battalion, which filled the 
line to the railroad S. On Oak Hill U Lieutenant-General A. P. 
Hill, caused to be planted two Armstrong guns, of Rice's bat- 
tery, McIntosh's battalion, which during the battle distributed 
their bolts from Cemetery Hill Z to Round Top D. In this line 
the Confederates had nearly 150 guns.'' Holding the periphery 
of the circle, they were enabled by a concentration of fire upon 
any one point to bring thrice as many guns to bear upon it as 
could be used in reply. As it was, the Confederate line actual- 
ly held nearly twice as many guns as were in the Union line, 
which mounted only about 100 pieces,"^ all that could be placed 
in position. 

THE CANNONADE. 

It was not until one o'clock in the afternoon that the dread- 
ful preparations for the attack were completed; but at that 
hour at a given signal the preliminary bombardment intended 
to cover the assault was opened.* This cannonading from 
nearly 250 guns continued uninterruptedly for two hours. 



a. McIntosh's battalion i59 -^vas composed of Eice's, JoHiisox's, and Haet's 
batteries. In Haet's -were two Armstrong guns.i'^o 

5. Dana's battalion, comprising Geaham's, Dana's (Lieutenant Cunningham 
commanding), Watson's,!^^ Smith's,162 and Happ's batteries.i^l 

c. Eeport of General Pendleton, Confederate chief of artillery, corroborated 
by reports of each artillery battalion commander. 

d. The report of General Hunt, chief of the Union artillery, gives seventy-five 
guns on the western crest of Cemetery Eidge, without enumerating those on 
Cemetery Hill Z. Major Osborne's report, chief of the eleventh corps artillery, 
places in position on the hill the batteries of Taft, 5th New York (Independent) ; 
DiLGEH, I, 1st Ohio ; Banceoft, G, 4th United States ; Eakin, H, Ist United 

.States; Wheelee, 13th New York (Independent); Hill, C, 1st Virginia ;* and 
Captain Edgell, 1st New Hampshire, reports his battery there. Several of 
these batteries suffered severely during the two previous days, having guns dis- 
abled, and others may not have been engaged all the time; but I think twenty- 
five guns a fair estimate, which would increase the number to one hundred, 

e. Pendleton's report. * Huntington, H. 1st Oliio. 



30 GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

During this terrible duel the Union troops crouched behind 
their rude breastworks, and such other slight cover as they 
could find behind outcropping rocks and the undulations of the 
surface tightly grasping the musket on which they knew they 
must finally depend. Many caissons'* and limbers of artil- 
lery were exploded on both sides, and many, very many 
casualties occurred, but the destruction of life was not as great 
as might naturally be expected from such a fearful bombard- 
ment, which has never before been equaled on this continent, 
if in the world. 

THE CHARGE AND REPULSE. 

Finally, at three o'clock, p. m., the cannonade ended, and 
the order was given for the grand assault. Pickett and Pet- 
TiGREW advanced simultaneously, followed by Trimble's com- 
mand. The gallant conduct of the Confederate troops during 
this celebrated attack has universally received the highest 
praise from the Union commanders.^ Pickett's Virgmia 
troops were fresh in the field, and much better protected in 
their advance by the undulations of the surface than those of 
Pettigrew on his left, while Pettigrew and Trimble's commands, 
the first to break," had sufi'ered the demoralizing disadvan- 
tage of having lost fearfully in the first day's battle. It is not 
strange that they broke before reaching the Union lines ; the 
great wonder is that they succeeded in advancing as far as 
they did. 

The advance of more than 1,300 yards was not distin- 
guished by that dash and enthusiasm which usually character- 
ises an infantry charge. Slowly but determinedly"' they 

a. See MoGilvey's brigade,26 on the painting. 

i. Hancock's, Hunt's, Hats', Gibbons', Webb's, Ii^ewton's, Stannakd's, and 
other reports. 

c. Longsteeet's report. d. Union reports. 



THE ASSAULT AND REPULSE. 3 J 

moved forward, notwithstanding each man knew every step 
brought him nearer " the jaws of death." For the first half 
of the distance a deathly silence reigned, save an occasional 
shot from some gunner who was not impressed with the awful 
solemnity of the scene. It was not until half across the plain'* 
that they encountered the fire of the Union artillery, but 
against which, as a man presses against a blinding storm, they 
moved steadily on as if impelled by a will greater than their 
own, some mighty, unseen power which they could not resist. 
Solid shot plowed through their ranks, spherical-case rattled 
in their midst, and canister swept them by hundreds from the 
field. Yet on they pressed unflinchingly. 

Presently the Union infantry opened, and for a moment 
they staggered, halted, and returned the fire, and then with a 
wild "yell" they dashed on to their dreadful doom. The left 
of the column crossed the Emmettsburg road not more than 180 
yards from the Union line. This road was inclosed by two 
stout, high " post and rail " fences, which tended materially to 
break the line,^ but notwithstanding this serious obstruction, 
and the destructive fire to which they were exposed, the 
attacking forces still advanced, delivering a rapid and deadly 
discharge of musketry as they moved. But no troops could 
resist the fearful fire which opposed them. They could not 
reach the wall and live. The left wing was the first to break. 
It was exposed to a raking flank fire of canister, and a heavy 
front" and flank fire of musketry.'^ Many fled in confu- 
sion to the rear, losing as heavily in their retreat as their ad- 
vance, being followed nearly to the Emmettsburg road by 
the enthusiastic regiments on the right of Hays' division. 

a. Keports of General Davis, Aeohee's brigade, Pettigeew's brigade, Pen- 
dee's division. 

h. Eeport of Akchee's brigade. 

c. Report of General Hats. 

<Z. Eeport of Pettigeew's and Lane's brigades. 



32 GBTTTSBUEG— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

Others forced to their right, hy the terrible fire on their 
left "" — united with the right wing still advancing,* and finally 
joined it in its attack on Webb's front, while thousands threw 
down their arms and came quietly in as prisoners, where they 
had vainly tried to go as victors. The right wing was partially 
covered in its advance by Cordora's house K, and several 
rocky knolls covered with low scrub-oak growth, behind which 
the troops re-formed, and finally advanced on Webb's line.^ His 
center was broken and his guns captured, but the captors 
soon found themselves captives. All who crossed the wall in 
Webb's front remained either dead, dying, or prisoners. The 
Union troops by a simultaneous attack closed in upon the 
assaulting column, and captured all who did not seek safety in 
flight.'^ Thousands threw themselves on the ground for protec- 
tion from the terrible fire which hemmed them in, or held up 

a. Eeport of Colonel Sawtee, 8tli Ohio volunteers. 
h. Eeport of Genei*al Hanoook. 

c. Reports of Hancock, Hunt, GtibboNjWebb, Haeeq-w, etc. See Webb's letter. 

d. Considerable effort has been made to discover who first ordered a flank at- 
tack, but it will probably be shown that the necessity for it was apparent to every 
military mind, and that the startling exigencies of the emergency prompted them 
to its execution. General Hancock in his official report says : " Passing at this 
time, Colonel DEVEEErx, commanding the 19th Massachusetts volunteers, anxious 
to be in the right place, applied to me for permission to move his regiment to 
the right and front, where the line had been broken. I granted it, and his regi- 
ment and Colonel Mallon's 42d New York volunteers on his right proceeded there 
at once." In the winter of 1863, while visiting the army, I was told by the com- 
manding officer of the 19th Maine volunteers, that General Gibbon was wounded 
while directing that regiment to wheel out of line to give a fiank fire (it subse- 
quently retired from its right, and attacked the enemy in connection with the 19th 
Massachusetts and 42d New York). I have in my possession a private letter from 
Lt. W. E. Baeeows of Colonel Hall's staff, bearing on its face unmistakable evidence 
of truth, stating that Colonel Hall sent him to General Newton with a request, 
for troops to put in on the enemy's flank. General Hancock in liis report speaks 
of having sent an order to General Stannaed to throw two of his regiments on the 
enemy's right, while it is a well-known fact that General Stannaed directed the 
same movement before receiving the order. Subsequently Major Mitchell, of 
General Hancock's staff, issued a similar order on his own responsibility, in his 
chiefs name, and was surprised a moment after to see General Hancock lying 
wounded on the ground before him. Thus it will be seen that proof is conclusive 
that the same happy thought originated simultaneously in several minds. 



WILCOX'S ATTACK. 33 

their hands in token of surrender." By four o'clock the 
repulse was complete and the victory won. General Ander- 
son ^*^ ordered up Wright's brigade ^^^ to attack as a relief 
to Pickett, but General Longstreet ^""^ directed him to stop 
the movement, remarking " that it was useless and would 
only involve unnecessary loss, the assault having failed."^ 
General Longstreet then ordered General Wright, with all 
his ofl&cers and a portion of his own staff, to rally and col- 
lect the scattered troops behind Anderson's division.^ In 
the assault General Garnett ^^"^ had been killed, General 
Armistead,^^® and it was thought General Kemper,^^'^ were 
mortally wounded ; Generals Trimble ^^^ and Pettigrew,^^^ 
commanding divisions. Colonels Feye, Marshall, and Lour- 
ANCE, brigade commanders, and thousands of others lay bleed- 
ing on the field. Color-bearers and color-guards had fallen, 
and twenty-seven of their blood-stained flags remained in the 
hands of the victors." 

General Wilcox's command ^^^'^^"^ continued to advance on 
Pickett's right, and as he passed Bearing's artillery ^^'^ and 
saw nothing of Pickett's column, which had been literally 
obliterated, he supposed it had pierced the Union lines, now 
enveloped in smoke, and passed over the crest."^ Soon he 
learned his mistake. His men finding themselves the center 
of a cross-fire of artillery from the flanks,^' -®' ^^' ^^^ * and a 
front fire of musketry from the 14th Vermont volunteers,^* 
dashed madly forward, and with the instinct of old soldiers 

a. General Hancock's report. 
h. General Longsteeet's report. 

c. General Hancock in his report says : "Eacli division has been credited with 
the number of flags actually turned in, and for which receipts are held, making 
the aggregate twenty-seven. There were undoubtedly thirty-three colors captured, 
the balance having been secreted as individual trophies." 

d. Report of Generals Longsteeet and Wilcox, with a verbal explanation 
from each of them. 

e. See General Wilcox's report. 



34 GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

sought the cover of a rocky ravine filled with trees and 
undergrowth. The 16th Vermont volunteers®"^ moved down 
this ravine, supported by four companies of the 14th Vermont,^ 
and attacking Wilcox in flank, captured a large part of his 
command, particularly from the Florida brigade, while the re- 
mainder fell back. This was the closing scene of the most 
daring military movement recorded in modern warfare. 



C^e Coin|iIcr's g^tatcment. 

It will probably interest some who view the painting of the 
Battle of Gettysburg noAV presented to the public, to know upon 
what authority it has been compiled, and what facilities I have 
had which will justify me in presuming to publish it as an 
historical representation of that important battle. 

At the commencement of the war I determined to attach 
myself to the army and wait for the great battle which would 
naturally decide the contest ; study its topography on the field, 
and learn its details from the actors themselves, and eventually 
prepare its written and illustrated history. I joined the army 
for that purpose immediately after the evacuation of Yorktown, 
was with it at Seven Pines and Fair Oaks, through the seven 
days' fights, and at Harrison's Landing ; and before leaving 
it I made arrangements with officers of rank to give me early 
intelligence of any important movements looking to a decisive 
engagement. Gettysburg was that engagement. 

When I arrived at Gettysburg the dehris of that great battle 
lay scattered for miles around. Fresh mounds of earth marked 
the resting-place of the fallen thousands, and many of the dead 
lay yet unburied. It therefore required no guide to point out 
the locality of the battle. I determined to make an isometrical 
drawing of the field. 

As the term field, when applied to a battle, is generally 
used figuratively, and, by the general reader, might be mis- 
understood, it is Avell to consider, at the start, that the battle- 
field of Gettysburg not only embraces within its boundaries 
many fields, but forests as well, and even the town of Gettys- 



36 GETTTSBUEG— DBSCEIPTIVE KEY. 

burg itself is included within its limits. The formation of the 
ground and the positions of the troops favored the plan of 
sketching the field while facing the west. Consequently the 
top of my Drawing of it is west ; the right hand, north ; the 
left, south, etc. There was no point from which the Avhole 
field could he sketched, nor would such a position have favored 
this branch of art. On the contrary, it was necessary to 
sketch from every part of it, combining the whole into one 
grand view, which accounts for the fact that every participant 
in that battle will readily discover on the drmving the exact 
locality of his engagement, and the movements of his command 
can be as readily traced. 

Having located its boundaries, I commenced at the south- 
east corner, and gradually moving toward the northy I looked 
toward the west, and sketched the landscape carefully, as far as 
the Adsion extended, including fields, forests, houses, barns, hills, 
and valleys 5 and every object, however minute, which could 
influence the result of a battle. Thus I continued to the north- 
east boundary, a distance of five and a half miles. The next 
day I resumed my work at the south, having advanced to the 
point where my vision had been obstructed the preceding day, 
and sketched another breadth to the north, as before ; and so 
continued, day by day, until I had carried my drawing for- 
ward four and a half miles, which included within its limits the 
town of Gettysburg. "When the battle-field had been isometri- 
cally drawn, I sketched the distance and added a sky. 

This drawing was the result of eighty-four days spent on 
the field immediately after the battle, during which time I 
sketched carefully the twenty-five square miles which it 
represents. 

I spent two months in hospital writing down the statements 
of Confederate prisoners, and as they became convalescent, I 
went over the field with many of their officers, who located 



THE DESIGNER'S STATEMENT. 37 

their positions and explained the movements of their commands 
during the battle. 

I then visited the Army of the Potomac, consulted with its 
commander-in-chief; corps, division, and brigade commanders ; 
and visited every regiment and battery engaged in the battle, to 
whose officers the sketch of the field was submitted, and they, 
after careful consultation, located upon it the positions of their 
respective commands. 

From the information thus obtained, I have traced the 
movements of every regiment and lattery from the commencement 
to the close of the engagement, and have located on the drawing 
its most important position for each of the three days. 

Since its publication I issued an invitation to the officers of 
the Army of the Potomac to visit Gettysburg with me, and point 
out their respective positions and movements, thus giving an 
opportunity to the actors in this great drama to correct any 
misapprehension, and establish, while still fresh in memory, the 
facts and details of this most important battle of the age. This 
invitation was responded to by over one thousand officers 
engaged in the battle; forty-six of whom were generals 
commanding. And it may be interesting to those who possess 
the drawing, to know that hut one solitary regiment was dis- 
covered to be out of position on it. 

Many thousand copies of this work have been sold, yet the 
demand still continues, and orders are constantly coming in 
from all parts of the country. Though complete in itself, it is 
really but the introduction to other works on this battle yet to 
be published, and as a chart of reference will be considered 
almost an indispensable companion to the history of it. 



38 GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

The Isometrical Drawing lias been published in four different styles, and 
will be furnished and delivered free by mail at the following 



PRICES: 

Colored Proof — On heavy plate paper, carefully finished in Water- 
Colors, $15 00 

Proof — Printed in tints, on paper as above, with positions of regiments, 

colored, for each day, . . . . . . . . 10 00 

Tinted — Printed with one tint, on lighter paper, . . . . 5 00 

51^^ The above styles have a sky, and are suitable to frame, all are accom- 
panied by a key. 
Plain — On lighter paper, without sky, . . . . . . $3 00 

See the following letters indorsing its accuracy : 

" Head-Qtjabteks Aemt op thb Potomac, Feb. 11, 1864. 
" I have examined Col. Bachelder's Isometrical Dkawing of the Gettysburg Battle-field, and am per- 
fectly satisfied with the accuracy with which the topography is delineated, and the positions of the troopa 
laid down. Col. B., in my judgment, deserves great credit for the time and labor he has devoted to obtain- 
ing the materials for this drawing, which have resulted in making it so accurate. * * * * j can cheer- 
fully recommend It to all those who are desirous of procuring an accurate picture and faithful record of the 
events of this great battle. * * * * 

" I remain most truly yours, 

"GEO. 6. MEADE, 

^^Maj.-Oen. ComdPg. A. P."" 



" Head-Quabtebs Second Abmt Cobps, Dec. 29, 1863. 
" The view of the Battle-field of Gettysburg prepared by Col. Bachelder, has been carefully examined by 
me. I find it as accurate as such a drawing can well be made. And it is accurate, as far as my knowledge 
extends. 

"WINF'D S. HANCOCK, 
^'' Major- General ComcCg 2d Corps." 



" Col. Bachelder's Isometrical View of the Battle of Gettysburg is an admirable production, and a 
truthful rendering of the various positions assumed by the troops of my command. 

"A. DOUBLEDAT, 
Maj.-Oem. Vols., Comd'g Ist Corpse 



" Heab-Qitaktebs Dep't and Akmt of the Tennessee, Oct. 24, 1864. 
"Me. Jno. B. Bachelder:— 

" My Deab Sik : — I was much gratified on receiving a copy of your beautiful drawing of the ' Gettysburg 
Battle-field.' I have never seen a painting or topographical map that could give so vivid a representation 
of a great battle. I regard it as an honor that you have associated my name with those of other corps com- 
manders in your historical picture. Be pleased to accept my kind regards. 

" KespectfuUy yours, 

"O. O. HOWARD, Mfljor- General:^ 



"CoL. Jno. B. Bacheldee:— 

" Dear Sir : — I have examined with care your Isometrical Drawing of the Gettysburg Battle-field, and 
can cheerfully bear testimony to the accuracy of the position of the troops on the right of our line. 

"Tours very truly, 

" H. W. SLOCUM, 
^"•Maj.-Gen. Vols., Comd^g Might Wing at Gettysburg.'" 



" Hkad-Qcaeters FiPTa Abmt Coeps, Sept. 23, ISM. 
'' Mb. Jno. B. Bachelder :— 

" Deab Sib:— I am exceedingly gratified with receiving a finished copy of your print of the Battle-field 
of Gettysburg. I am familiar with your long and untiring labors in all the fields where truth could be 
reached, and know that your efforts were crowned with a success that leaves nothing more to be desired. 
You are authorized to add my name to those who bear testimony to its accuracy. 

" Very respectfully your obedient servant, 

"G. K. WAREEN, 
"Maj.-Oen. Vols., Comd'g 5th Corps. 
" Ch. Eng. at Gettysburg.'" 

"Obanqe, Oct. 1, 18M. 
"Jno. B. Bacheldbb, Esq.:— 

"My Dear Sib:— I have carefully examined your Isometrical Drawing of the Battle-field of Gettyi- 
burg, with great interest and much profit Never having been on that field, of course I can not express an 
opinion as to its accuracy — so abundantly indorsed for, however, by most competent judges; but I can say 
that it has given me a much clearer Idea of the battle than I had before, and I earnestly hope that you will 
find it convenient to illustrate others of our great battles in the same manner. 

" I am very truly yours, 

"GEO. B. McCLELLAN." 



C|e f atiitiitg. 

My next step was to commence the present painting. Mr. 
James Walker, the artist, who has executed it, spent weeks 
at Gettysburg, transcribing the portraiture of the field to can- 
vas, which has been done in the most pleasing and life-like 
manner. We have received in this matter the kindest support 
and co-operation of the officers of the army engaged on that 
portion of the field. 

Many distinguished general officers, on my invitation, 
visited Gettysburg, and went over the field with us, and pointed 
out all the details of this great turning-point of the Rebellion ; 
each explaining the movements of their several commands. 
Among those present at different times, were Generals Meade, 
Hancock, Gibbon, Howard, Doubleday, Stannard, Hunt, War- 
ren, Humphreys, Graham. Burling, De Trobriand, Wister, 
Dana, Webb, Baxter, Bevereux, Bingham, Newton, Gates, 
Robinson, Coulter, Carr, McAllister, Madill, Sykes, Ayres, 
Crawford, Tilton, Sweitzer, Chamberlain, Martin, Slocum, 
Shaler, Meredith, Stone, Leonard, Steinwehr, Amsberg, 
Fowler, Kane, Greene, Geary, Selfridge, Williams, and 
Gregg, together with a large number of field, line, and staff 
officers. Most of these gentlemen have since kindly called 
at Mr. Walker's studio, and aided the work with their 
advice. Many others, who Avere unable to meet with us at 
Gettysburg, have, at considerable trouble, visited the studio in 
New York ; among them Generals Hall, Hazard, Sickles, 
Ward, Brewster, and Berdan, and General Wilcox, Colonel 
Harrison (General Pickett's adjutant-general), and Lieutenant- 



THE PAINTING. ^-i 

General Longstreet of the Confederate Army ; the latter taking 
great interest in the painting, and leaving me a fine letter in- 
dorsing its accuracy. This painting has been designed strictly 
in conformity to the directions of these gentlemen, given on 
the field for that purpose, and from the reports of the Con- 
federate commanders, furnished to me by the government. 

This great representative battle-scene has not its equal in 
America, for correctness of design or accuracy of execution. 
Gibbon's and Hays' divisions and the corps artillery occupy 
the immediate foreground. It is on a canvas 1\ x 20 feet, and 
represents, not only every regiment engaged at that portion 
of the field, but where the formation of the ground would 
admit, the entire left wing is shown. It presents such an 
accurate and life-like portrait of the country, that on it the 
engagements of the first and second days' operations can readily 
be traced. No important scene has been screened behind large 
foreground figures, or, for the want of a knowledge of the de- 
tails, hidden by convenient puffs of smoke ; but every feature 
of this gigantic struggle has, in its proper place, been woven 
into a symmetrical whole. 

This Painting is intended for exhibition, and will be shown 
in the principal cities of the Union. A carefully reduced copy 
of it has been made by Mr, Walker, which will be sent to 
Europe, from which a first-class parlor-sized Steel Engraving 
will be made. 

PRICES. 

Electrotype Editiok, $7,50 

Print, 15,00 

Plain Proof (on superior plate paper), . , 25,00 
India Proof (on fine India paper), from the original 

plate 50,00 

Artist's Proof, . 100.00 

The latter Edition will be limited to 200 copies for America and 
Europe, which will be carefully selected, numbered, and signed by the 
artist and publisher. 



C|e Jiistorj of l|e iattk. 



(advertisement.) 



During my consultations with officers at the front, as well as on the bat- 
tle-field, I noted with great care their conversations, and have books full of 
material thus rescued from oblivion. 

Since the publication of my Isometrical Drawing of the field, I have been 
steadily engaged in collecting data for the history of the battle. I have received 
thousands of letters relating to it, and traveled thousands of miles to add to my 
knowledge of it ; but during the execution of the painting, I have been unable 
to devote that attention to its compilation which I now hope to do. I do not 
regret that the work has been thus deferred, as during the past year I had an 
opportunity of revisiting Gettysburg with several hundred military officers, and 
have thus been able to critically examine my material, and determine its relative 
value. I have now all the official matter required. I only regret that the 
members of some regiments and batteries have thus far failed to furnish me 
with detailed descriptions of their movements, which they will regret when too 
late to be remedied, as I shall in all cases write the description from the data 
I possess, and shall not publish accounts without the written proof to sub- 
stantiate them. 

Those interested will be pleased to learn that the field at Gettysburg has, 
during the past two seasons, been re-surveyed in the most complete and 
scientific manner by a corps of United States engineers. From these surveys 
a beautiful topographical map is now being drawn and engraved, copies of 
which I have arranged to have to illustrate my history. In addition to the 
maps, the book will be very fully embellished with wood-cuts of the important 
episodes, beautifully engraved ; also fine line and stipple steel portraits, en- 
graved entirely by hand, by the best engravers. The portraits of all officers 
exercising a general's command at the battle will be admitted if desired. The 
following are already engraved : 

Generals Meade, Reynolds, Newton, Wadsworth, Meredith, Doubled at, 
Stannard, Hancock, Zook, Gibbon, Webb, Hall, Hats, Sherrill, Bull, 
Sickles, Birnet, Graham, Berdan, Humphrets, Stkes, Barnes, Tilton, 
Vincent, Wright, Wheaton, Bartlett, Howard, Ames, Slocum, Williams, 
Geary, Kane, Hunt, Randolph, Martin, McGilvert, Pleasanton, Butter- 
field, Warren, Ingalls, and MacDougall. 
* 



HISTORY OF THE BATTLE. 43 

Several others have been ordered, and I presume the list will yet be con- 
siderably increased. I shall also publish that of General Lee and his corps and 
division commanders, numbering in all probably seventy-five of the finest steel 
portraits yet engraved in this country. At present over eighty-five hundred 
dollars' worth of illustrations have been engraved. I shall be pleased to corre- 
spond with any parties wishing portraits or wood-cuts. The history will be 
sold by subscription at the following 

PRICES: 

Popular Edition (without Portraits), royal octavo, bound in cloth, . $5 00 
Do. with Portraits (printed from transfers), . . 7 50 



The next will be the Library Edition, printed on good fair paper, good 
plates, and substantially bound in sheep, ..... $12 00 



The same size printed on fine paper. Proof Portraits — bound in half morocco 
beveled boards, $17 60 

A FiNB Edition on tinted paper. Proof Portraits. Full morocco, gilt, 
beveled boards, gilt edges, $25 00 

A Large Paper Edition (limited) will be printed from new type, and the 

original wood-cuts in the best style of modern hand-press work, on heavy toned 

paper, with the finest India Proof Portraits. In Sheets, stitched, 

uncut, $100 00 

Elaborately bound. Full levant morocco, gilt, . . . . $125 00 



I have now devoted six years and a half to collecting material for the history 
of the Battle of Gettysburg, but until quite recently I have felt unwilling to 
commence to write, knowing that other matter existed which it was important 
for me to have, and which, when obtained, might make a material change in 
the account. This reason no longer exists, though I shall still thankfully receive 
suggestions from any participant in the battle. 

As a publisher for profit I would have issued it long ago, but as an historian 
I could not conscientiously until I felt that the details of this most important 
battle had been impartially examined, and the entire subject exhausted. 
JOHN B. BACHELDER, Publisher, 

59 Beekman St., IsTew Yobk. 




CAPTURE OF THE 8th LA. COLORS BY LT, YOUNG, ADGT 107th OHIO VOLS. 



Summary of Gettysburg Publications. 

ISOMETRICAL DRAWING OF THE BATTLE-FIELD. 

REPRESENTING TWENTY-FIVE SQUARE MILES OF COUNTRY. 

This differs from a topographical drawing, as it shows tlio elevation of objects, and from a Bird's-Etb 
V™w, as objects do not diminish in size as they recede in distance. Every hill and vuUey, every field iind 
forest, every fence and house, is shown. On this landscape view the most important position of every 
regiment and battery of both armies is located for each of the three days' battle, and ite name attached. 

PRICES. 

Plain (without sky) fS.OO 

Tinted. (This and the two following has a sky, and is suitable to frame) 5.00 

Proof, printed in tints, on heavy plate paper, having positions of troops colored . 10 00 

CoLOBED Pboop. Carefully flniahed in water colors 15 ()0 

^P~ Sent free on receipt of price. 

"REPULSE OF LONGSTREET'S ASSAULT." 

STEEL ENGRAVING.-(NoT yet publishsd.) 

A fine steel engraving (parlor size), from the Historical Painting of the " Repulse of Longstreet'a 
Assault," painted by James Walker, from historical data by John B. Bachbldee. 

PRICES. 

Elbctkotype Edition |T.60 

Print 1,\00 

Plain Proof (on superior plate paper) 25 00 

India Proof (on fine India paper, from the original plate) 50.00 

Aetist's Proof 100.00 

The latter edition will be limited to two hundred copies for America and Europe, which will be care- 
fully selected, numbered, and signed by the artist and publisher. 

"REPULSE OF LONGSTREET'S ASSAULT." 

DESCRIPTION OF THE PAINTING. 

Showing the positions and movements of troops. 44 pages, royal 8vo, in paper, with outline key. ..25c. 

gajg— Sent free on receipt of price. 

DESCRIPTIVE KEY. 

Embracing, in addition to the above, a brief account of the battle from the commencement; also the 

local points of the field. With an Appendi.x, containing letters and reports of officers of both armies, 

never before published, showing the authorities for the painting. Together with a complete ALPnAUETicAL 

Index of every Corps, Division, Brigade, Regiment, Battery, and Officer mentioned in the work. 

Plain Muslin $1.00 

Fine Edition {table book), on heavy toned-paper. Fourteen splendid Steel Portraits of Generals. 

Elaborately bound, Levant cloth, gilt, beveled boards, gilt edges $5,00 

S^~ Sent free on receipt of price, 

OUTLINE KEY TO THE "REPULSE OF LONGSTREET'S ASSAULT." 

This, as its name indicates, is an outline of the painting, reduced to 18 inches, under which is a 
Reference Chart, which, by aid of numerals placed over the Key connecting by a vertical line with the 
object on it, indicates by name the position of Divisions, Brigades. Regiments, Batteries, and Officers. 
It locates on the painting the position of two hundred and fifty-one regiments and seventy-eight batteries, 
and has been compiled at great expense from material never before published, 

|^~ Sent free on receipt of a Three Cent Stamp ! 

HISTORY OF THE BATTLE. 
Compiled from the Official Reports of the officers of both armies, furnished me by the Government for 
that purpose — interviews with the officers of every regiment and battery engaged — thousands of letters 
from all sources, and personal visits to the battle-field with forty -six generals commanding, and over one 
thousand commissioned officers engaged at the battle, the whole occupying over six and a half years. 

PRICES. 

Popular Edition (without Portraits), royal 8vo, bound in cloth $5.00 

" " with Portraits, printed from transfers 7.50 

Library Edition, printed on good fair paper, good plates, and substantially bound in sheep 12.00 

Same Edition, printed on fine paper. Proof Portraits, bound in half morocco, beveled boards 17.50 

Fine Edition, on tinted paper. Proof Portraits, full morocco, gilt, beveled boards, gilt edges 25.00 

Large Paper Edition (limited), printed from new type, and the original wood-cuts, in the best style 
of modern hand-press work, on extra heavy toned-paper, with the finest India Proof Por- 
traits, in sheets, stitched, uncut 100.00 

Elaborately bound, full Levant morocco, gilt 125.00 

$8,500.00 worth of illustrations are already engraved for this work, including forty-two steel 
portraits of general officers, and several others ordered, gasg- Subscriptions received. 

EPISODES OF THE BATTLE. 

I have already had painted, and in hand, several important episodes of the buttle, from which steel En^arin^ are to be executed. 
I am also prepared to design, have painted, and publish, Steel Engkavi.ngs, Cheomo-Lithogbaphs, or Plain Litbogeaphs of any 
portion of the battle, on application. 

The large Historical Painting of 

"THE LAST HOURS OF L\ NC OLN ," iy CAappei, 

containing: life-like Portraits of 47 Figures, J3 also in the engraver's hands. This will be completed in 1371, and will be Me mott 
highly-finiihed Engraving ever emcuted in America, Sold only by subscription. 

PRICES. 
Electrotype Print, $7.50 ; Plain, $15 ; Proof, $35 ; India Proof, $60; Artist's Proof, $100. 
The above works are sold entirely by subscription, for which experienced Agents, who have the capital to conduct the businesa 
energetically, are wanted in every State, County, City, and Town in the country. 

^^W None others n^ed apply. „^3 
Orders for either of the above can be sent direct to the Publisher. 

JOHN B. BACHELDER, Publisher, 59 Beekman Street, New York. 



"THE LAST HOURS OF LINCOLN." 



ORIGIN OP THIS HISTORICAL PAINTING. 



ABRAHAM LINCOLN, President of tlie United States, was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, on 
the night of April 14, 1865, at Ford's Theater, Washington, D. C. This night, fraught with woe to the 
peoples of two continents, sombered by its halo of diabolism, must forever remain the Golgotha of American 
history. 

At the threshold of the temple of peace— the High Priest was stricken down— and the great heart 
whose every throb was a pulsation of love for his country's enemies, was robed in silence. In company 
with Mrs. Lincoln, Miss Hakkis, and Major Eathbone, Mr. Lincoln had sought a brief respite from the 
iron wheel of State toil, and in the search, through the medium of the assassin's bullet, found a respite for 
all time. 

Immediately after the fatal shot was fired, and under direction of Assistant-Surgeons Leale and 
Taft, he was removed to a private house, and placed upon a couch in a small bedroom. Eobeet Lincoln, 
General Todd, and Dr. Todd, cousins of Mrs. Lincoln, and other personal friends, speedily arrived. His 
family physician, Dr. Stone, and Surgeon-General Barnes, accompanied by Asst. -Surgeon General Crane, 
were in early attendance, and later he was visited by Drs. Hall and Libbbemann, and other eminent phy- 
sicians, all of whom agreed that the wound was unto death. The bullet had entered the back of his head, 
and lodged behind the right eye. 

Mr. Lincoln was visited during the night by Tice-President Johnson and the entire cabinet, except 
Mr. Sewabd, Including Secretaries McCullooh, Stanton, Welles, and Ushee, Postmaster-General 
Dbnnibon, and Attorney-General Speed, together with Asst.-Secretaries Field, Eckebt, and Otto. There 
were also present, Speaker Colfax, Chief-Justice Carttbe, Senator Sumnek, Eepresentatives Faenswoeth, 
Aenold, Maeston, and Eollins, Governor Oglesbt, accompanied by Adjutant-General Haynib, Major 
Hay, Generals Augek, Meigs, and Halleck, Ex-Governor Faewell, Eev. Dr. Gueley, and Commissioner 
Fkenoh, Colonels Vincent Pelouzk and Eutheeford, and Major Rockwell. Early in the night Mrs. 
Lincoln sent for Mrs. Senator Dixon, who was accompanied by her sister and niece, Mrs. Kinney and 
daughter. There were also a few others present during the night, but never more than half of those 
represented on the painting at any one time. 

By the publicity of the assassination it was soon known throughout the city, and thousands crowded 
the avenues leading to the house where the President lay. 

The news of this tragic event flashed with the speed of lightning throughout the land. From Maine to 
California consternation reigned, and feelings of surprise and grief were depicted on every face. The great 
man now martyred had for more than four years held the highest place in the gift of the American people, 
and on him their hopes had centered. The designer of the painting of 

"THE LAST HOURS OF LINCOLN," 

Jno. B. Baohelder, arrived in Washington on the night of his death, and being impressed with the 
historic importance of the event, at once determined to collect such materials as should be necessary for an 
historical picture commemorating that sad scene, and should the demand warrant it, to publishing a steel- 
plate engraving from it. The design for the painting was soon completed, and arrangements having been 
made with Brady & Co., Photographers, as soon as the remains of the President left the city each of the 
persons represented were visited, and at their convenience were posed and photographed in the position 
which they now occupy in the painting. It being important that the best possible original shonld be had 
for the engraver's use, the design was placed in the hands of Alonzo Chapel, Esq., the historical painter, 
to whose genius the painting is to be credited. Much of its completeness is due to the kindness and atten- 
tion of the persons represented ; as all cheerfully gave their time for frequent sittings, both to the designer 
and painter. 

No expense has been spared to produce a work worthy the scene it represents, and the high encomiums 
given it by eminent judges is the best proof of the result. 

To publish any thing now short of a first-class copy of such a painting would be a breach of confidence 
to those who have so kindly aided in its production. The proprietor has therefore decided to have this 
picture engraved in the finest style of line and stipple, the engraved surface of the plate to be 18 x 31 
inches ; believing that nothing short of a genuine work of art will meet the approval, and secure the 
patronage of the American people, and to those interested the proprietor can most confidently promise a 
suitable memento of their departed chief. 

The engraving is being executed by H. B. Hall, Jr., Esq., the eminent engraver upon steel. 

PEICE OF ENGEAVINGS.— Electrotype Edition, $7.50; Prints, $15.00 ; Plain Proofs, 
$35.00; iNDLi Proofs, $60.00; Artist's Proofs (limited to 200 copies, which will be numbered 
and signed by the artist and engraver), $100.00. 

A beautifully engraved and photographic Key to the Engraving, will be presented to the subscribers. 
It is a complete picture of Itself, and may be had in advance by subnoribers only. 

JOHN B. BACHELDEE, Pitblishek, 5s> Beekman Street, JfTew Torh 



Bi\iEF Sayings of Eminent Men. 



Surgeon-General's Offiou, } 

Wasiiinoton Citv, March 20, 1867. ) 
Col. J. 6. Bachelder, 

Sib : — The picture of " The Last Hours of Lincoln," painted by Alonzo Chappel from your design, pre- 
Bents, with remarkable fidelity, the portraits of those in attendance at various times during the night of 
April 14, 1&65, preserving truthfully the principal features of that most sad event. 
Very respectfully yours, 
J. K. Barnes, Surgeon-Oeneral U. S. A., Brevet Jfajor-Generat. 



11 is certainly a work of great Interest and merit. I have looked npon it with the liveliest satisfaction 
on account of its singularly gra])hic delineation of the actual scene as myself beheld it, and also because 
the likenesses of most of the distinguished persons presented by the painting seem to me to be very 
accurate and striking. P. D. GuRLEy, Pastor of the N. Y, Ave, Prea. Church. 



I cheerfully bear testimony to the accuracy of the Portraits of the persons present on that melan- 
choly occasion, and especially that of the martyred President. 

W. T. Otto, Assistant Secretary of the Interior. 



It gives me pleasure to testify to the accuracy with which you have represented the principal features 
of the scene in question, and to the fidelity of the portraits which you have introduced. You have been 
especially successful in the likeness of President Lincoln. John Hat, 

Brevet Colonel, formerly A. D, C. to President Lincoln. 



The truthful likeness of President Lincoln, the fidelity of the portraits of those present on that most 
mournful night, and the excellent grouping of the figures, render this picture peculiarly valuable In an his- 
torical point of view, apart from its merits as a work of art. 

C. H. Crane, Assistant Surgeon-General TJ. S. Army. 



Without possessing a critical capacity for judgment, I can say, in all sincerity, that the painting, as a 
whole, is faithful to the scene of the death-chamber on that eventful night, and impressively truthful in 
its portraiture. D. K. Cartter, Chief -Justice. 

f^~ The above gentlemen visited President Lincoln during his last hours, and are represented in 
the painting. 



It is admirable as a picture, and of great value for the fidelity of the portraits. 

A, A. Humphreys, Major-General, 

Dear Sir .-—Permit me to thank you for the enjoyment of the luxury of grief afforded me in the view- 
ing of the great picture commemorating "The Last Hours of Lincoln." It is deserving of great praise. If 
it has a fault, it is its high coloring. As I have personally known nearly all the forty odd persons who 
appear in it, I can speak with confidence of the truthfulness of the likenesses. 

F. E, Spinneb, Treaswrer United States. 



The majority of the portraits could hardly be improved. 

O. O. Howard, Major-General. 

I know personally a large majority of the persons represented, and take pleasure in bearing my testimony 
to the singular fidelity of their portraits. Ira Harris, United States Senator. 

EXTRACT FEOM A CKITICISM. 
[J'rom the Washington Sunday Berald.] 



■Washington, 3farch 81, 1867. 

A great picture has been designed of the " Last Hours of Abraham Lincoln." The designer is Mr. John 
B. Bachelder, the painter Alonzo Chappel. * * The value of such a picture of such a scene is enormous, 
and of a kind to ever increase with time, * * Looking like himself, from his finger-nails to his hard, 
protruding lip, Stanton, with paper and pencil in hand, and uplifted forefinger, is giving instructions to the 
soldierly General Auger, the then Military Commander of the District, * * Portraits so minutely like 
I have never seen, even from the brush of Elliot. * * * 

The grandeur in the face of Lincoln, is grand indeed. The cold hues of death are warmed to the eye by 
the red rays of a candle held over him, and the flickering flare cansing a Eembrandr.-like effect, is very 
felicitously managed. Theeye rests inloveand pity on it, turning from thosearound impatiently. » * * 

McCulloch who turns from the scene, and Johnson who sits in the left foreground, are wonderfully like. 
As is the erect Dennison beyond them; and Meigs, with his hand resting on the door-post, where he stood 
to prevent disturbing entrances; Dr. Stone and Surgeon-General Barnes, General Todd, Judge Otto, 
Sumner, Farnsworth, Speaker Colfax, and Governor Oglesby, are looking down on the face of Lincoln with 
an expression of respectful concern. * * * Judge Cartter and Ex-Governor Farwell stand in front of 
Meigs, forming the right foreground of the picture ; they are given in profile and seem conversing. 

The greatness of the picture lies in its correct transcription of an actual scene and perfect portraitnre 
of American men. It is just such a work as, above all others, should be American property, for if ever 
there was a National picture, this is one. Arc 



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DESCRIPTION OF THE PAINTING 




Eepulse of Longstreet's Assault 



PAINTED BY JAMES WALKER. 



HISTORICAL ARRANGEMENT AND DESCRIPTION 



By JOHN B. BACHELDER, A. M., 

AtTTHOE OP THE "ISOMETEICAL DeAWINO OF TDE GeTTTSBTJEO BaTTLE-FiELD." 



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PUBLISHED BY JOHN B. BACHELDER, 

59 BEEKMAN STREET. 
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UNION REFERENCES. 

1 n«tta% K, 1>1 Now York, 
irim Hcn(l-iliiiirl.orH' (Itjliirs. 



(IMUnilScl P. 8. Slirn-.LlmotorB.; 
!i Mo., iOlli Ind., Mtll,l!4tli N. Y., 091.1 Pn. Vol..; 

I ', . :i'n"m«bb. Vol».b' 

:m Pa. Vols.) )tPn.Vol».) 



11 ('orr», (2(1 N. H., Bill, llth, ni, Slh B. J, «iiil 1 



31 Col. 



iSth Corps, (3§. 4lli, 6tli, 12th, »n(l Mtl U. S. Infantry.) 

Briff., 2(1 Di v., 6th Corps, (2(i, 7th, 10th, llth, & 17th U.S. Infantry.) 



UNION REFERENCES. 

^ , Ist Div., ,'ith C.rrjs, (41 1, Mich.. G2d Pa,. 0th 
. RionSdBrie. (Vu(OBNT'»),r»t Div., ,'ith (.'orns. (I6th Mich., 4411 
Kl-qnartcrs oflJris.-Ooneral Aynpjl, 2d Div., iith Corns. 

Col. BunBi»K, 2(1 Brls., 2d Div., 6th Coi^ps, (2d, 7th, 10th, i 

I Brig,, 3d Div,, 6th Corps, (6th Me, ISist N. 
a(t wiHua jjaiiery, i^, ist (inio. ■ rpa. Vols.) 

35 Head-quarters of Brig.-General Woeaton, 8d Div., 6th Corps. 

36 ■' Col. Gip.nAED, 8d Brig. (Weed's), 2d Div., 6th Corps, (Mit, 168lh Pa., 140th and 

37 " RiTTENnousE's (llAZLETT's) Battery, D, 5th U. S. 

88 " Col. f'"!!;:". 3d Brig., 8d Div., 5th Corps, (5th, 12th Fenn, Eeserves), and 9th, 10th. 

39 " Col. TiLTON, Ibt Brig., 1st Div., 5th Corps, (Ist MIoh., IlSth Pa. Vols.), and ISth 

f? i,^ ^" ,„ Col. NEvras/sdBril'sd Div., 6th Corps, (62d N.Y.,98d,»8th, 102d,an^ 189th 

41 Brig.-GcnemI QiBHoi* (ictntnde(i), 2d Dlv„ 2d Corps. 

42 Istlieg't United States Sharp-shooters. 



.,a.I]XrTX3NrC* CF TECE 33^a.TTIjE OI* O-ETT-K-SiBTj: 
"REPVI.SB Ol? I,ONGSTREET>S ASSAULT." 

""""'""' UNION REFERENCES. 




P(L Vol.!) 45 



, (SeoY.l B 

iio,.,„„.. ~. 

CONFEDERATE 



OINTS. 


1 






■■:';<.,■«,■,;, ..oiv 1.1). p W'« 




REFERENCES. 





STANSAHD,8d Brig., 3d Div.. 1st Corps. „ ... , .j 

a^rl .Jv'-"(' lat Brig., 1st Div., 2d Corps. [6tb, llth Pa. T worvpa. and latKlflos.) 

„.,-^^-,„..,- .. ■.'.ri.-, - ?!■• (w,a=C<MUCiwa.!!B, 1st Brig,, 3d ^„,„, \'E - <■- ■?«. 

ii !?^" p' ^MrnntTr Reorvc Cavalry Brigade, (1st, 2d,6th U. 8., 6th Pa. vlV C.v.,.a.l 
II cJB;o"-."^™'"j?(r.l.;iy 2d). 4ti, Brig., 1st Div., 2d Corps. 
II rg.SL'i'ooM'?;-^«"''"ily 2d), 3d Brig., 1st DW. 2d corps. 

LOCAL POINTS. I 

v l>„vll'»Don F Sicl^loswonndea. Q Wheat-Field. | 

olnltarsbnr-TTlko. S Railroad. T Mumma.b,irg| Turnpite. 

CONFEDERATE REFERENCES. 



58 Brig. 
B Round T{ 



62 13th Vt. Vols. 

63 lOlhVt. 

65 Capt. C(3WAN (COWAN'S Now York Bal 

66 S2(1N. Y. Vols, 

67 69th N. Y. Vols. 
69 7th Mich.Vol!.' 



lof 2d Corps 

71 mh Mass. Vols, 

72 & 97 Co. Cist Mini 

73 42d N. Y. Vols. 

74 Captain Faiiiibli, (Co. 

75 Captain Binoham (Gei 

76 Lieut. 



(Division ProvO! 
linn. Vols.), coral 



nding Division Provost Guard {tltitil). 



UNION REFERENCES. 



78 



1 Brig., 



87 Oothino'8 Battery, a, 4th U.B.Ustfosinon). 
s Cttpt. Bai.e« (Gml 1|V«Bn'B Start). 



87 OiraaiMO's 
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90 Ma - 

91 An 



^neral Meade fCommander-in-chieO. 
(Gen. Gibbon's Staff). 



LOCAL POINTS. 




95 71»t Pa Vols, (two Co 








"v'oU. (Division Provost Ouard). 




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Div., 2d Corps. 




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CONFEDERATE REFERENCES. 


\tl l!^:r?.";!^?^i 


181 S«,„C. B»l,...ry. 103 Wax. 





.1 a2.i N. (1, iioK'tB.) 



the pages deaoribing it. 



